use eframe::egui::plot::{Line, Points, Value as EguiValue, Values};
use itertools::Itertools;
use serde_json::Value as JsonValue;

#[cfg(threading)]
use rayon::prelude::*;

#[cfg(not(threading))]
pub fn dyn_iter<'a, T>(input: &'a [T]) -> impl Iterator<Item = &'a T>
where
	&'a [T]: IntoIterator,
{
	input.iter()
}

#[cfg(threading)]
pub fn dyn_iter<'a, I>(input: &'a I) -> <&'a I as IntoParallelIterator>::Iter
where
	&'a I: IntoParallelIterator,
{
	input.par_iter()
}

#[cfg(not(threading))]
pub fn dyn_mut_iter<'a, T>(input: &'a mut [T]) -> impl Iterator<Item = &'a mut T>
where
	&'a mut [T]: IntoIterator,
{
	input.iter_mut()
}

#[cfg(threading)]
pub fn dyn_mut_iter<'a, I>(input: &'a mut I) -> <&'a mut I as IntoParallelIterator>::Iter
where
	&'a mut I: IntoParallelIterator,
{
	input.par_iter_mut()
}

pub struct FunctionHelper<'a> {
	#[cfg(threading)]
	f: async_lock::Mutex<Box<dyn Fn(f64, f64) -> f64 + 'a + Sync + Send>>,

	#[cfg(not(threading))]
	f: Box<dyn Fn(f64, f64) -> f64 + 'a>,
}

impl<'a> FunctionHelper<'a> {
	#[cfg(threading)]
	pub fn new(f: impl Fn(f64, f64) -> f64 + 'a) -> FunctionHelper<'a> {
		FunctionHelper {
			f: async_lock::Mutex::new(Box::new(f)),
		}
	}

	#[cfg(not(threading))]
	pub fn new(f: impl Fn(f64, f64) -> f64 + 'a) -> FunctionHelper<'a> {
		FunctionHelper { f: Box::new(f) }
	}

	#[cfg(threading)]
	pub async fn get(&self, x: f64, x1: f64) -> f64 { (self.f.lock().await)(x, x1) }

	#[cfg(not(threading))]
	pub fn get(&self, x: f64, x1: f64) -> f64 { (self.f)(x, x1) }
}

/// [`SteppedVector`] is used in order to efficiently sort through an ordered
/// `Vec<f64>` Used in order to speedup the processing of cached data when
/// moving horizontally without zoom in `FunctionEntry`. Before this struct, the
/// index was calculated with `.iter().position(....` which was horribly
/// inefficient
pub struct SteppedVector {
	/// Actual data being referenced. HAS to be sorted from minimum to maximum
	data: Vec<f64>,

	/// Minimum value
	min: f64,

	/// Maximum value
	max: f64,

	/// Since all entries in `data` are evenly spaced, this field stores the
	/// step between 2 adjacent elements
	step: f64,
}

impl SteppedVector {
	/// Returns `Option<usize>` with index of element with value `x`. and `None`
	/// if `x` does not exist in `data`
	pub fn get_index(&self, x: &f64) -> Option<usize> {
		// if `x` is outside range, just go ahead and return `None` as it *shouldn't* be
		// in `data`
		if (x > &self.max) | (&self.min > x) {
			return None;
		}

		if x == &self.min {
			return Some(0);
		}

		if x == &self.max {
			return Some(self.data.len() - 1);
		}

		// Do some math in order to calculate the expected index value
		let possible_i = ((x - self.min) / self.step) as usize;

		// Make sure that the index is valid by checking the data returned vs the actual
		// data (just in case)
		if &self.data[possible_i] == x {
			// It is valid!
			Some(possible_i)
		} else {
			// (For some reason) it wasn't!
			None
		}
	}

	#[allow(dead_code)]
	pub fn get_min(&self) -> f64 { self.min }

	#[allow(dead_code)]
	pub fn get_max(&self) -> f64 { self.max }

	#[allow(dead_code)]
	pub fn get_data(&self) -> Vec<f64> { self.data.clone() }
}

// Convert `Vec<f64>` into [`SteppedVector`]
impl From<Vec<f64>> for SteppedVector {
	fn from(input_data: Vec<f64>) -> SteppedVector {
		let mut data = input_data;
		// length of data
		let data_length = data.len();

		// Ensure data is of correct length
		if data_length < 2 {
			panic!("SteppedVector: data should have a length longer than 2");
		}

		// length of data subtracted by 1 (represents the maximum index value)
		let data_i_length = data_length - 1;

		let mut max: f64 = data[data_i_length]; // The max value should be the first element
		let mut min: f64 = data[0]; // The minimum value should be the last element

		if min > max {
			tracing::debug!("SteppedVector: min is larger than max, sorting.");
			data.sort_unstable_by(|a, b| a.partial_cmp(b).unwrap());
			max = data[data_i_length];
			min = data[0];
		}

		// Calculate the step between elements
		let step = (max - min).abs() / (data_length as f64);

		// Create and return the struct
		SteppedVector {
			data,
			min,
			max,
			step,
		}
	}
}

/// Implements traits that are useful when dealing with Vectors of egui's
/// `Value`
pub trait EguiHelper {
	/// Converts to `egui::plot::Line`
	fn to_line(&self) -> Line;

	/// Converts to `egui::plot::Points`
	fn to_points(&self) -> Points;

	/// Converts Vector of Values into vector of tuples
	fn to_tuple(&self) -> Vec<(f64, f64)>;
}

impl EguiHelper for Vec<EguiValue> {
	fn to_line(&self) -> Line { Line::new(Values::from_values(self.clone())) }

	fn to_points(&self) -> Points { Points::new(Values::from_values(self.clone())) }

	fn to_tuple(&self) -> Vec<(f64, f64)> { self.iter().map(|ele| (ele.x, ele.y)).collect() }
}

#[derive(PartialEq, Debug)]
pub struct JsonFileOutput {
	pub help_expr: String,
	pub help_vars: String,
	pub help_panel: String,
	pub help_function: String,
	pub help_other: String,
	pub license_info: String,
	pub welcome_text: String,
}

/// Helps parsing text data from `text.json`
pub struct SerdeValueHelper {
	value: JsonValue,
}

impl SerdeValueHelper {
	pub fn new(string: &str) -> Self {
		Self {
			value: serde_json::from_str(string).unwrap(),
		}
	}

	/// Parses an array of strings at `self.value[key]` as a multiline string
	fn parse_multiline(&self, key: &str) -> String {
		(&self.value[key])
			.as_array()
			.unwrap()
			.iter()
			.map(|ele| ele.as_str().unwrap())
			.fold(String::new(), |s, l| s + l + "\n")
			.trim_end()
			.to_owned()
	}

	/// Parses `self.value[key]` as a single line string
	fn parse_singleline(&self, key: &str) -> String { self.value[key].as_str().unwrap().to_owned() }

	/// Used to parse `text.json`
	pub fn parse_values(&self) -> JsonFileOutput {
		JsonFileOutput {
			help_expr: self.parse_multiline("help_expr"),
			help_vars: self.parse_multiline("help_vars"),
			help_panel: self.parse_multiline("help_panel"),
			help_function: self.parse_multiline("help_function"),
			help_other: self.parse_multiline("help_other"),
			license_info: self.parse_singleline("license_info"),
			welcome_text: self.parse_multiline("welcome"),
		}
	}
}

/// Rounds f64 to `n` decimal places
pub fn decimal_round(x: f64, n: usize) -> f64 {
	let large_number: f64 = 10.0_f64.powf(n as f64); // 10^n

	// round and devide in order to cutoff after the `n`th decimal place
	(x * large_number).round() / large_number
}

/// Helper that assists with using newton's method of finding roots, iterating over data `data`
/// `threshold` is the target accuracy threshold
/// `range` is the range of valid x values (used to stop calculation when the point won't display anyways) `data` is the data to iterate over (a Vector of egui's `Value` struct)
/// `f` is f(x)
/// `f_1` is f'(x) aka the derivative of f(x)
/// The function returns a Vector of `x` values where roots occur
pub fn newtons_method_helper(
	threshold: &f64, range: &std::ops::Range<f64>, data: &[EguiValue], f: &dyn Fn(f64) -> f64,
	f_1: &dyn Fn(f64) -> f64,
) -> Vec<f64> {
	data.iter()
		.tuple_windows()
		.filter(|(prev, curr)| !prev.y.is_nan() && !curr.y.is_nan())
		.filter(|(prev, curr)| prev.y.signum() != curr.y.signum())
		.map(|(prev, _)| prev.x)
		.map(|start_x| newtons_method(f, f_1, &start_x, range, threshold).unwrap_or(f64::NAN))
		.filter(|x| !x.is_nan())
		.collect()
}

/// `range` is the range of valid x values (used to stop calculation when
/// `f` is f(x)
/// `f_1` is f'(x) aka the derivative of f(x)
/// The function returns an `Option<f64>` of the x value at which a root occurs
fn newtons_method(
	f: &dyn Fn(f64) -> f64, f_1: &dyn Fn(f64) -> f64, start_x: &f64, range: &std::ops::Range<f64>,
	threshold: &f64,
) -> Option<f64> {
	let mut x1: f64 = *start_x;
	let mut x2: f64;
	let mut fail: bool = false;
	loop {
		x2 = x1 - (f(x1) / f_1(x1));
		if !range.contains(&x2) {
			fail = true;
			break;
		}

		// If below threshold, break
		if (x2 - x1).abs() < *threshold {
			break;
		}

		x1 = x2;
	}

	// If failed, return NaN, which is then filtered out
	match fail {
		true => None,
		false => Some(x1),
	}
}

/// Inputs `Vec<Option<T>>` and outputs a `String` containing a pretty representation of the Vector
pub fn option_vec_printer<T: ToString>(data: &[Option<T>]) -> String
where
	T: ToString,
{
	let max_i: i32 = (data.len() as i32) - 1;
	"[".to_owned()
		+ &data
			.iter()
			.map(|x| {
				x.as_ref()
					.map(|x_1| x_1.to_string())
					.unwrap_or_else(|| "None".to_string())
			})
			.enumerate()
			.map(|(i, x)| {
				// Add comma and space if needed
				match max_i > i as i32 {
					true => x + ", ",
					false => x,
				}
			})
			.collect::<Vec<String>>()
			.concat()
		+ "]"
}

/// Returns a vector of length `max_i` starting at value `min_x` with resolution of `resolution`
pub fn resolution_helper(max_i: usize, min_x: &f64, resolution: &f64) -> Vec<f64> {
	(0..max_i)
		.map(|x| (x as f64 / resolution) + min_x)
		.collect()
}

/// Returns a vector of length `max_i` starting at value `min_x` with step of `step`
pub fn step_helper(max_i: usize, min_x: &f64, step: &f64) -> Vec<f64> {
	(0..max_i).map(|x| (x as f64 * step) + min_x).collect()
}

/// Takes `take` number of chars from the end of `chars` and returns a string
pub fn chars_take(chars: &[char], take: usize) -> String {
	let len = chars.len();
	assert!(len >= take);

	match take {
		0 => {
			// return empty string if `take == 0`
			String::new()
		}
		1 => {
			// return last character as a string if take == 1
			chars[len - 1].to_string()
		}
		_ if take == len => {
			// return `chars` turned into a string if `take == len`
			return chars.iter().collect::<String>();
		}
		_ => {
			// actually do the thing
			return chars.iter().rev().take(take).rev().collect::<String>();
		}
	}
}

#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
	use super::*;
	use std::collections::HashMap;

	/// Tests [`SteppedVector`] to ensure everything works properly (helped me
	/// find a bunch of issues)
	#[test]
	fn stepped_vector_test() {
		let min: i32 = -10;
		let max: i32 = 10;
		let data: Vec<f64> = (min..=max).map(|x| x as f64).collect();
		let len_data = data.len();
		let stepped_vector: SteppedVector = data.into();

		assert_eq!(stepped_vector.get_min(), min as f64);
		assert_eq!(stepped_vector.get_max(), max as f64);

		assert_eq!(stepped_vector.get_index(&(min as f64)), Some(0));
		assert_eq!(stepped_vector.get_index(&(max as f64)), Some(len_data - 1));

		for i in min..=max {
			assert_eq!(
				stepped_vector.get_index(&(i as f64)),
				Some((i + min.abs()) as usize)
			);
		}

		assert_eq!(stepped_vector.get_index(&((min - 1) as f64)), None);
		assert_eq!(stepped_vector.get_index(&((max + 1) as f64)), None);
	}

	/// Ensures [`decimal_round`] returns correct values
	#[test]
	fn decimal_round_test() {
		assert_eq!(decimal_round(0.00001, 1), 0.0);
		assert_eq!(decimal_round(0.00001, 2), 0.0);
		assert_eq!(decimal_round(0.00001, 3), 0.0);
		assert_eq!(decimal_round(0.00001, 4), 0.0);
		assert_eq!(decimal_round(0.00001, 5), 0.00001);

		assert_eq!(decimal_round(0.12345, 1), 0.1);
		assert_eq!(decimal_round(0.12345, 2), 0.12);
		assert_eq!(decimal_round(0.12345, 3), 0.123);
		assert_eq!(decimal_round(0.12345, 4), 0.1235); // rounds up
		assert_eq!(decimal_round(0.12345, 5), 0.12345);

		assert_eq!(decimal_round(1.9, 0), 2.0);
		assert_eq!(decimal_round(1.9, 1), 1.9);
	}

	/// Tests [`resolution_helper`] to make sure it returns expected output
	#[test]
	fn resolution_helper_test() {
		assert_eq!(
			resolution_helper(10, &1.0, &1.0),
			vec![1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0, 6.0, 7.0, 8.0, 9.0, 10.0]
		);

		assert_eq!(
			resolution_helper(5, &-2.0, &1.0),
			vec![-2.0, -1.0, 0.0, 1.0, 2.0]
		);

		assert_eq!(resolution_helper(3, &-2.0, &1.0), vec![-2.0, -1.0, 0.0]);
	}

	/// Tests [`option_vec_printer`]
	#[test]
	fn option_vec_printer_test() {
		let values_strings: HashMap<Vec<Option<&str>>, &str> = HashMap::from([
			(vec![None], "[None]"),
			(vec![Some("text"), None], "[text, None]"),
			(vec![None, None], "[None, None]"),
			(vec![Some("text1"), Some("text2")], "[text1, text2]"),
		]);

		for (key, value) in values_strings {
			assert_eq!(option_vec_printer(&key), value);
		}

		let values_nums = HashMap::from([
			(vec![Some(10)], "[10]"),
			(vec![Some(10), None], "[10, None]"),
			(vec![None, Some(10)], "[None, 10]"),
			(vec![Some(10), Some(100)], "[10, 100]"),
		]);

		for (key, value) in values_nums {
			assert_eq!(option_vec_printer(&key), value);
		}
	}

	#[test]
	fn chars_take_test() {
		let values = HashMap::from([
			(("test", 2), "st"),
			(("cool text", 4), "text"),
			(("aaa", 0), ""),
			(("aaab", 1), "b"),
		]);

		for ((in_str, i), value) in values {
			assert_eq!(
				chars_take(&in_str.chars().collect::<Vec<char>>(), i),
				value.to_owned()
			);
		}
	}
}