{
  pkgs,
  lib,
  optimizeWithFlags,
  ...
}:
let
  models = [
    {
      name = "DeepSeek-R1-Distill-Qwen-14B-Q4_0.gguf";
      context_length = 32768;
      gen_length = 8192;
      source = pkgs.fetchurl {
        url = "https://huggingface.co/bartowski/DeepSeek-R1-Distill-Qwen-14B-GGUF/resolve/main/DeepSeek-R1-Distill-Qwen-14B-Q4_0.gguf?download=true";
        sha256 = "906b3382f2680f4ce845459b4a122e904002b075238080307586bcffcde49eef";
      };
    }
  ];

  gpt4all_package = (
    optimizeWithFlags
      (pkgs.gpt4all.overrideAttrs (old: {
        patches = old.patches ++ [
          ./disable-settings-err.patch
          ./disable-version-check.patch
        ];
      }))
      # compile flags
      [
        "-O3"
        "-march=native"
        "-mtune=native"
      ]
  );
in
{
  home.packages = [
    gpt4all_package
  ];

  home.file =
    lib.recursiveUpdate
      {
        ".config/nomic.ai/GPT4All.ini".text =
          let
            system_prompt = "";
          in
          ''
            [General]
            chatTheme=Dark
            height=940
            suggestionMode=Off
            threadCount=8
            uniqueId=7096f2d2-448d-4272-a132-d37e77f8a781
            userDefaultModel=${
              # select the first element of `models` to be the default model
              (builtins.elemAt models 0).name
            }
            width=1472
            x=0
            y=0

            [download]
            lastVersionStarted=${gpt4all_package.version}
          ''
          + (lib.concatStrings (
            map (model: ''
              [model-${model.name}]
              contextLength=${builtins.toString model.context_length}
              filename=${model.name}
              maxLength=${builtins.toString model.gen_length}
              promptBatchSize=256
              systemMessage="${
                # replace newlines with the string "\n" for gpt4all to properly parse
                builtins.replaceStrings [ "\n" ] [ "\\n" ] system_prompt
              }\n"
            '') models
          ))
          + ''
            [network]
            isActive=true
            usageStatsActive=true
          '';
      }
      (
        builtins.listToAttrs (
          map (f: {
            name = ".local/share/nomic.ai/GPT4All/${f.name}";
            value.source = f.source;
          }) models
        )
      );
}