{
  description = "My nixOS flake for home-manager";

  inputs = {
    nixpkgs.url = "github:NixOS/nixpkgs/nixos-unstable";

    home-manager = {
      url = "github:nix-community/home-manager";
      inputs.nixpkgs.follows = "nixpkgs";
    };

    niri = {
      url = "github:sodiboo/niri-flake";
      inputs.nixpkgs.follows = "nixpkgs";
    };

    agenix = {
      url = "github:ryantm/agenix";
      inputs.nixpkgs.follows = "nixpkgs";
      inputs.home-manager.follows = "home-manager";
    };

    rust-overlay = {
      url = "github:oxalica/rust-overlay";
      inputs.nixpkgs.follows = "nixpkgs";
    };

    zen-browser = {
      url = "github:0xc000022070/zen-browser-flake";
      inputs.nixpkgs.follows = "nixpkgs";
    };
  };

  outputs =
    {
      self,
      nixpkgs,
      home-manager,
      niri,
      rust-overlay,
      agenix,
      ...
    }@inputs:
    let
      username = "primary";
      homeDirectory = "/home/${username}";
      hostname = nixpkgs.lib.strings.removeSuffix "\n" (builtins.readFile /etc/hostname);

      # stolen from: https://stackoverflow.com/a/42398526
      optimizeWithFlags =
        pkg: flags:
        pkgs.lib.overrideDerivation pkg (
          old:
          let
            newflags = pkgs.lib.foldl' (acc: x: "${acc} ${x}") "" flags;
            oldflags = if (pkgs.lib.hasAttr "NIX_CFLAGS_COMPILE" old) then "${old.NIX_CFLAGS_COMPILE}" else "";
          in
          {
            NIX_CFLAGS_COMPILE = "${oldflags} ${newflags}";
            stdenv = pkgs.clang19Stdenv;
          }
        );

      pkgs = (
        import ((import nixpkgs { }).applyPatches {
          name = "gpt4all 3.9.0 (PR #372723)";
          src = inputs.nixpkgs;
          patches = [
            (builtins.fetchurl {
              url = "https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/pull/372723.diff";
              sha256 = "0kfx5vzsssv40iffr7cfdik9mxa7fcg1489i578vqsgcz230fhaf";
            })
          ];
        }) { }
      );
    in
    {
      homeConfigurations."${username}" = home-manager.lib.homeManagerConfiguration {
        inherit pkgs;
        extraSpecialArgs = {
          inherit
            inputs
            username
            homeDirectory
            optimizeWithFlags
            ;
        };

        modules = [
          ./system-${hostname}.nix
          niri.homeModules.config
          agenix.homeManagerModules.age

          (
            { pkgs, ... }:
            {
              nixpkgs.overlays = [
                rust-overlay.overlays.default
                inputs.niri.overlays.niri
              ];

              # home-manager stuff
              home = {
                inherit username homeDirectory;
              };
            }
          )
        ];
      };
    };
}